BIOAVAILABILITY

KemTRACE^® Chromium is a highly bioavailable, organic source of chromium propionate and the only source reviewed by the U.S. FDA. The chromium in KemTRACE Chromium is readily absorbed in the small intestine and transported throughout the body to be used by cells related to the following functions:

• Muscle performance
• Immune function
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Lactation

KemTRACE CHROMIUM

MODE OF ACTION

1

Insulin stimulates
glucose uptake.¹

2

Readily available chromium from KemTRACE^® Chromium optimizes the activation of the insulin receptor.

3

The cell uptakes glucose.

4

The additional glucose allows more energy to be available for proper cell function, which can boost immunity, growth, health and performance.

RESPONSE BASED ON HIERARCHICAL NEEDS

Approximately 60% of a mammal’s daily energy intake is for the basic processes needed for life, such as digestion and respiration.² Any additional energy is stored or used for immune function, reproduction, physical activity or growth. By increasing insulin sensitivity and mobilizing more blood glucose into tissue, feeding supplemental chromium can result in improved health, performance and energy based on the animal’s hierarchy of needs.

UPKEEP AND
BODY CONDITION

• More efficient use of glucose results in more glucose available for energy demands higher up in the hierarchy of needs.

HEALTH AND
IMMUNITY

• Activated immune cells need a large amount of energy.
• Glucose is the only energy source that activated immune cells
  can use.³
• Increased glucose uptake by the immune cells may help the horse mount an immune response, resulting in a healthier horse.

ATHLETIC
PERFORMANCE

• Increased glucose utilization can positively impact performance.
• Low muscle glycogen levels in horses (less than 50% of normal) can impair physical performance.⁴
• Increasing the rate of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells in order to replenish their glycogen stores may improve performance.

REDUCE THE NEGATIVE
IMPACTS OF STRESS

• Chromium supplementation has been shown to lower plasma cortisol – a stress hormone – levels by up to 25%, thereby reducing the negative impacts of stress.⁵

REPRODUCTION

• Abnormal insulin levels can negatively impact estrus cycles and follicle development. Improving insulin sensitivity may improve the ability to produce viable follicles and become pregnant.⁶
• Reproduction is an energetically intensive activity and improved glucose utilization can help maintain energy balance which may improve the ability to become and stay pregnant.⁷
• Abnormal insulin levels may lead to decreased embryonic weight and negatively impact placental development. Improving insulin sensitivity could lead to improved birth weights and livability.⁶
• Improved glucose utilization can lead to improved milk production during lactation.⁸

During intensive exercise, glucose’s rate of appearance is increased 7x compared to at rest. However, the rate of disappearance (usage) plateaus at 4x vs rest. Increasing the utilization of additional blood glucose could lead to improvements in athletic performance.

REFERENCES

1. Loving, N. S. (2019, April). It’s all connected: Bodywide inflammation in horses. thehorse.com/161728/its-all-connected-bodywide-inflammation-in-horses
2. Geor, R. (2018, May 11). Body Fuel. Retrieved October 22, 2019, from https://thehorse.com/14350/body-fuel/.
3. Palsson-McDermott, E. M. and L. A. O’Neill. (2013). The Warburg effect then and now: From cancer to inflammatory diseases. Bioessays. 35:965-973.
4. Lacombe, V. A. (n.d.). Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Horses: Interactions Between Substrate Availability, Exercise Performance and Carbohydrate Administration. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from
5. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1041621577&disposition=inline.
6. Hung, A.T., Leury, B.J., Sabin, M.A. et al. Dietary nano-chromium tripicolinate increases feed intake and decreases plasma cortisol in finisher gilts during summer. Trop Anim Health Prod 46, 1483–1489 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0673-7
7. Nandi, A., Wang, X., Accili, D., & Wolgemuth, D. J. (2010). The Effect of Insulin Signaling on Female Reproductive Function Independent of Adiposity and Hyperglycemia. Endocrinology, 151(4), 1863-1871. doi:10.1210/en.2009-0788
8. Gebregeziabhea, E. (2015). The effect of stress on productivity of animals: a review. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 5(15):14-21
9. BR-2018-00150
10. Geor RJ, Hinchcliff KW and Sams RA (2000). Glucose infusion attenuates endogenous glucose production and enhances glucose use of horses during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 88: 1765–1776.
11. Geor RJ, Hinchcliff KW, McCutcheon LJ and Sams RA (2000). Epinephrine inhibits exogenous glucose utilization in exercising horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 88:1777–1790.

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